By Anscella Obike
Nigeria’s maritime landscape is evolving rapidly this December, as increasing digital threats and global pressures push key stakeholders to prioritise cybersecurity, modernise operations, and strengthen the resilience of critical port infrastructure. In light of growing concerns over cyberattacks worldwide, the Nigerian Ports Cybersecurity Consortium (NPCC) has called for urgent action to safeguard the nation’s seaports against emerging technological threats that could cripple port operations and disrupt trade.
The call to arms comes at a critical moment, with Nigeria poised to expand its role in African trade corridors and benefit from global supply chain shifts driven by the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Ships, cargo manifests, automated systems, and online documentation processes have all become targets for cybercriminals as ports increasingly adopt digital platforms to drive efficiencies and transparency.
Ports Under Digital Siege: The Emerging Threat
In recent years, Nigerian ports have invested heavily in digital systems, including customs automation, electronic call-up systems, and integrated cargo processing platforms. While these developments have improved logistics and reduced turnaround times, they have also made ports more vulnerable to cyberattacks, especially ransomware, phishing, and infrastructure breaches that can halt operations.
According to NPCC chairperson Dr. Musa Abdullahi, “Ports are digital gateways as much as they are physical ones… Attackers targeting ports can impact not only trade but also national security. We must ensure our digital defences are stronger than our offence.” Though specific incidents of cyberattacks at Nigerian ports have not all been publicly disclosed, the threat landscape mirrors global patterns where ports in other countries have suffered significant disruptions due to cyber intrusions.
A Digital Defence Framework for Nigerian Ports
To address these emerging vulnerabilities, NPCC and key public-private partners have begun outlining a Comprehensive Port Cybersecurity Framework that integrates international best practices with local enforcement capabilities. The framework includes:
*Threat monitoring and real-time incident response teams for all major seaports
*Cyber awareness and training programmes for port staff and critical operators
*Regular penetration testing and system audits to discover vulnerabilities
*Enhanced partnerships with telecom providers for secure network infrastructure
Industry sources say initial funding discussions have already taken place with the Nigerian Communications Commission, private terminal operators, and maritime insurers. The goal is to develop a multi-tiered defence system capable of detecting, mitigating, and recovering from digital attacks quickly before they escalate into full operational shutdowns.
Stakeholder Pressures for Swift Action
Port users, including shipping lines, cargo owners, clearing agents, and logistics firms, are now urging the government and regulators to prioritise cybersecurity in the ports agenda. This includes not only funding but also stronger policies that enforce standards across all terminals, including private and public facilities.
A senior executive at a major freight forwarding company in Lagos noted:
“We can’t talk about automation and efficiency if the systems we depend on can be taken down by a cyberattack. Security must be part of the conversation on digitalisation.”
Private sector insurance firms are also signalling that cybersecurity compliance may soon become a core requirement for coverage. Ports with stronger defence systems could benefit from lower premiums and better business continuity options.
Implications Under AfCFTA and Beyond
Nigeria’s ambition to become a logistics hub for West and Central Africa depends heavily on strong, resilient port systems. The AfCFTA agreement presents unprecedented opportunities for intra-African trade, meaning goods will flow through major seaports at increasing volumes in the coming years.
To capture this trade, Nigerian ports must be perceived as secure and reliable by international partners. Cybersecurity is part of that equation. Without robust defences, major trading partners may hesitate to commit to long-term contracts or investment deals, citing risk aversion.
Looking Ahead: Ports of the Future
Despite challenges, the increasing awareness and strategic response to digital risk are positive signs. Maritime stakeholders say that as ports adopt new technologies, it is vital they incorporate cyber resilience mechanisms from the ground up, not as an afterthought.
By strengthening digital defences, Nigerian ports can protect infrastructure, safeguard trade flows, enhance investor confidence, and ensure that the benefits of modernisation and AfCFTA participation are fully realised.
In the months ahead, policymakers, private sector leaders, and operators will need to take collaborative action to ensure that Nigeria’s maritime gateways remain secure, efficient, and globally competitive.
